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宋．真宗．禪地玉冊及玉嵌片 - Jade slips and inlaid tiles
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畢泠 江山如畫
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| 發帖人 主題標題： | 宋．真宗．禪地玉冊及玉嵌片 - Jade slips and inlaid tiles 回覆數: 2 點數: 813 | 第 1 樓 |
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時間：2005-02-27 20:40
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宋．真宗．禪地玉冊及玉嵌片 - Jade slips and inlaid tiles 摘自 天下文壇 畢泠 2005-02-27 20:40 http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl * ..... 欣賞藝術．交流學習.... [url=http://artvinedata.com/images/uu2.htm][color=Blue:aa246b0cbd]繁簡字程式轉換連結[/color:aa246b0cbd][/url] ..... 歡迎貼文分享，交流您的心得或收藏， ..... 您也可以用新詩、古韻、散文.... 談談您的觀感.... 宋．真宗．禪地玉冊及玉嵌片 - Jade shan slips and inlaid tiles [img:aa246b0cbd]http://www.npm.gov.tw/ch/3_pic/010108/p07c.jpg[/img:aa246b0cbd] [img:aa246b0cbd]http://www.npm.gov.tw/ch/3_pic/010108/p07-2c.jpg[/img:aa246b0cbd] 宋／真宗／禪地玉冊及玉嵌片 (A.D. 960-1126) 簡長：29.5－29.8公分 ／簡寬：2公分 「封禪」，在中國政治制度中，可說是最盛大，但也爭議最多的一項典禮。所謂 「封」就是天子登上泰山築壇祭天；而「禪」則是在泰山下的小丘除地祭地，向 天地宣告人間太平。民初疑古派的史家認為，這純粹是戰國至秦漢間，齊儒憑空 杜撰，並為好大喜功的君主利用來鞏固政權、誇侈政績的活動。但從近年考古資 料看來，其起源或可追溯到新石器時代先民築壇祭祀的習俗，是非常幽遠的。 「封禪」最令人質疑的，還是祭典中的祝禱文，在唐玄宗以前的歷代史書內，均 未見記載。唐代名臣賀之章將此現象解釋為，封禪帝王所求不外為長生登仙等私 欲，故外人莫知之。民國二十年，馬鴻逵將軍率領軍隊駐紮於山東泰安，無意間 發現一座五色土壇，並從其中得到兩套玉冊。玉冊上分別鐫刻著唐玄宗及宋真宗 禪地之祝禱文。兩套玉冊的出土，正可以補足刊正史籍的闕如與錯植，是非常珍 貴的第一手史料。 宋真宗禪地玉冊的質地為青白色閃玉。冊分十六簡，簡與簡間以金線串聯。冊文 以楷體書寫後刻劃，並塗以金漆，與唐冊相比，字跡顯得鬆散。近日發現，其中 兩簡的背面有磨去原刻字的情形，根據殘餘筆劃推測，似乎是宋太祖、太宗諡號 的部份。對照《宋史》發現，二帝的諡號在冊與史的記載中確有繁簡之別，而修 改的原因，可能是因為在禪地前的兩個月，才為二先帝新進諡號的緣故。 除了玉冊，還有一些正方、長方或梯形的玉片共五十二件同時出土。這些玉片上 主要裝飾著龍、鳳及雲氣紋。根據史書記載，盛裝玉冊的容器是所謂玉匱，推測 這些玉片便是玉匱上的組件。 撰稿／張麗端 .............................................................................................................. [b:aa246b0cbd]Jade shan slips and inlaid jade tiles[/b:aa246b0cbd] Northern Sung period (A.D. 960-1126) Slip length: 29.5-29.8 cm, Slip width: 2 cm Feng-shan is one of the grandest and yet most controversial ceremonies of ruling elite in imperial China. "Feng" is the act of the emperor ascending Mt. Tai to construct an altar for the worship of heaven. "Shan" is the offering of sacrifices to the earth on a cleared mound at the base of Mt. Tai. The ceremony announced to Heaven and Earth that the world was at peace. In the early Republican period (1911-present), old-school historians believed that the ceremony was merely a groundless rumor fabricated by Confucian scholars in the Warring States period to Han dynasty, and exploited by monarchs to solidify their political power and hyperbolize their achievements. However, recent archeological evidence indicates that the origins of this ritual are far more ancient, dating back to the Neolithic custom of constructing altars for offering sacrifices to the ancestors and gods. The most contentious aspect of the feng-shan ceremony is the texts of supplication associated with the ritual. Of these, no mention is found in histories compiled before the Hsuan-tsung period (713-755) of the T'ang dynasty. The renowned T'ang official Ho Chih-chang concludes that the purpose of the ritual was simply to beseech the gods for long life and a place among the immortals. Since the invocation was private in nature, it was never divulged to the outside world. In 1931, General Ma Hung-k'uei fortuitously discovered a five-colored earthen altar in Tai'an county, Shantung province, where his troops were garrisoned. The altar contained two registers made of jade slips engraved with the shan supplicatory texts of the Hsuan-tsung emperor of T'ang and the Chen-tsung emperor (r. 998-1022) of Sung. Invaluable records, they fill gaps and rectify errors in the published officia l histories. The shan slips here are fashioned from a greenish-white nephrite. Each of the 16 slips is connected by gold wire. The characters of the text were carved in regular script from a brushed template and painted in gold. Compared with the characters on the T'ang slips, they are markedly more relaxed in style. Characters worn nearly beyond recognition were recently discovered on the backs of two slips. Some experts have concluded that the vestigial marks are parts of the posthumous titles of the T'ai-tsu emperor (r. 960-975) and T'ai-tsung emperor (r. 976-997) of Sung. Though the titles differ in complexity from those recorded in the Sung-shih (History of the Sung Dynasty), the reason for the modification may be that the posthumous titles of the two emperors had been decided only two months before the ceremony. In addition to the jade slips, the Tai'an altar produced 52 rectangular and trapezoid jade tiles. The main motifs on these pieces are dragons, phoenixes, and cloud-shaped designs. According to historical records, the finest jade slips were stored in jade chest, suggesting that the tiles were the pieces forming such a chest. * 以上，轉載自故宮博物院典藏說明，英文部分重新段落編輯。 天下文壇 天下文壇 畢泠 2005-02-27 20:40 http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl |
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漢語在線 ~ 迴風小築 ~ 相逢即有緣，給您最大的祝福 ... |
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| 回覆： | 第 2 樓 |
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時間：2005-02-27 21:00
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摘自 天下文壇 秋靈 2005-02-27 21:00 http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl 謝謝畢版費心！ 詞長們除了觀賞好東東、學英文，還可增添許多知識，真是一舉數得！～～ 難得有這麼為大家著想的好版主，真是天下之幸！^__^ [color=brown:4a27a49362]謝謝版版！[/color:4a27a49362] [img:4a27a49362]http://img215.exs.cx/img215/8296/f256iz.jpg[/img:4a27a49362] 天下文壇 天下文壇 秋靈 2005-02-27 21:00 http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl |
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若問今生情何似，潔出塵泥一朵蓮。 |
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| 回覆： | 第 3 樓 |
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時間：2005-02-28 01:30
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摘自 天下文壇 畢泠 2005-02-28 01:30 http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl 哇！好漂亮的花！謝謝啦！多謝秋靈詞長！ 這輩子我就怕美女和花還有小卡，哎！又要醉啦。 希望大家會喜歡。有很多東西，平常沒用到，想用時真還真是 想不出來 :oops: 。這些文章的用詞、用句都很典雅，相信， 我們多少可以拿一些下來備用。 :P 大家可別嫌偶老古董！ :roll: PS 說實在的，把那堆密密麻麻的文字，百的這麼整齊，還真是 花了不少力氣。就怕我老花眼，不小心可能刪掉了一兩個字， 如果看到錯誤的詞長們請幫忙指出，我好再校對、改正。謝謝！ 天下文壇 天下文壇 畢泠 2005-02-28 01:30 http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl |
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漢語在線 ~ 迴風小築 ~ 相逢即有緣，給您最大的祝福 ... |
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