新石器時代晚期至商前期．玉鷹紋圭

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新石器時代晚期至商前期．玉鷹紋圭 - Kuei Tablet

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時間：2005-02-27 12:30

   新石器時代晚期至商前期．玉鷹紋圭 - Kuei Tablet
   摘自天下文壇   畢泠  2005-02-27 12:30
http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl
新石器時代晚期至商前期．玉鷹紋圭 - Kuei Tablet
*
..... 欣賞藝術．交流學習.... [url=http://artvinedata.com/images/uu2.htm][color=Blue:897b1a1382]繁簡字程式轉換連結[/color:897b1a1382][/url]

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..... 您也可以用新詩、古韻、散文.... 談談您的觀感....

新石器時代晚期至商前期／玉鷹紋圭（Ca.2500－1600B.C.）

[img:897b1a1382]http://www.npm.gov.tw/en/4_pic/010108/p03c.jpg[/img:897b1a1382]

新石器時代晚期至商前期／玉鷹紋圭（Ca.2500－1600B.C.）
　

這件玉「圭」是一個由工具、武器的型態，轉化為禮制用器的例子。器呈窄長方
形，有平直刀刃，原本為鏟的形式。但在器身中段的兩面，均琢碾了精緻的紋飾
。一面的上節浮雕向上衝飛的鷹鳥，表現了威猛的神力。而另面則浮雕一抽像的
面紋，正中央為高聳的「介」字形冠頂，而兩側插有華麗蓬鬆的鳳羽，線條極為
流暢。由許多文獻可知，鳥是東夷族群的重要宗教象徵：上古時期，華東地區的
夷人，相信其始祖為自然界諸神的主宰「帝」所生，而「玄鳥」則是引渡生命力
的使者、媒介，即所謂「鳥生神話」。此件玉圭上，出現寫實的鷹紋及抽像的鳳
鳥紋，似乎批露了某些重要而值得探索的訊息。

另外，還有一個值得注意的地方：在圭的一個側面，約１平方公分的面積上，
琢有一側面人首，戴船形帽、留捲翹的長髮，眼耳鼻口等細節無一省略，非常精緻。

器身的上下段，則在清乾隆皇帝時加琢御製詩和璽文。有趣的是，後加的文字與
原有的紋飾走向顛倒，因而常常引起觀賞者的誤解。

撰稿／鄧淑蘋

...........................................................................................................

[b:897b1a1382]Kuei tablet
Late Neolithic Age[/b:897b1a1382] (Ca.2500~1600B.C.)

Jade kuei tablets, like the one shown here, were ritual objects whose shape
derived from an early tool and weapon. The tablets are of a narrow rectangular
shape with a level blade on one end, in the manner of its shovel prototype.

The midsection of both faces is carved in an elaborate design.
One side is the relief depiction of an eagle ascending with ferocious vigor.
On the other face is an abstract mask design, also in relief, with a peaked
crest rising prominently from the center and a splendid profusion of phoenix
feathers projecting from either side.

The entire design is done with gracefully flowing lines.

From several written accounts, we know that the eagle was an important
symbol of worship in the Eastern Yi tribal group of Eastern China.

During high antiquity, the Eastern Yi believed that their first ancestors were
born from a supreme god, who ruled over the lesser nature deities.
According to this faith, a "mystical bird" served as the messenger or medium
of the life force from heaven, giving rise to the myth that people were born
of birds.

The kuei tablet here is carved with a realistic portrayal of an eagle and an
abstract phoenix design. They seem to convey some important message
whose meaning is worthy of further study.

Another notable feature is a human head carved in silhouette on an area of
about one square centimeter on one of the lateral faces of the tablet.

The figure is elaborately depicted with a hull-shaped hat, curling shocks of
long hair, eye, ear, and nostril all shown in exceptional detail.

The upper and lower sections of the tablet were carved during the Ch'ien-
ung reign (A.D. 1736-1795) with verse by the emperor and the imperial seal.

Interestingly, the additions were carved upside down with respect to the
designs, causing frequent misunderstanding.

* 以上，轉載自故宮博物院典藏說明，英文部分重新段落編輯。
    天下文壇天下文壇畢泠  2005-02-27 12:30
http://yuhsia.com/ccb/index.pl